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Notes for James IV STEWART King of Scotland | |||||||||||||
Painting of James IV is in the Scottish National Portrait Gallery. "The Renaissance King" Key events: 1488 June 11th, Battle of Sauchieburn 1489 November 28th, Margaret Tudor born to Henry VII of England 1493 Forfeiture of the Lord of the Isles 1494 Royal Sceptre gived by Pope Alexander VI 1498 King received homage of many of the island chiefs 1496 Education Act requiring all 1st born to attend school 1503 August 8th, Married Margaret Tudor 1507 Sword of State gived by Pope Julius II 1509 Henry VIII became King of England 1512 Auld Alliance renewed 1512 April 10th, James born 1513 Henry VIII attacked France 1513 September 9th, Battle of Flodden, King died James IV defeated his father, James III at Sauchieburn and crowned king at the age of 15. He was the only Stuart King of the 15th century to not need a regent. However, James IV later learned he had been tricked into going into battle against his father. In order to repent, James IV wore a large iron belt around his waist. He married Margaret Tudor in 1503, daughter to Henry VII of England. In response to Henry VIII's attack on France, James IV attacked northern England where he would die during the battle of Flodden. James was survived by his wife, Margaret and son James V. Illegitimate: Alexander Archbishop of St. Andrews Catherine James, Earl of Moray Margaret Janet (Jean) King James IV is a complex and perhaps even enigmatic subject for historical biography. As a nine-year-old boy, Prince James watched as his father and uncle struggled to dominate the Scottish political community. Six years later, the young Stewart heir actually joined another revolt against his estranged father who had begun to ignore him in order to promote his younger brother's title and marriage prospects. The rebels killed James III at Sauchieburn in June 1488, and James was duly crowned King of Scots at Scone and on the anniversary of Bannockburn to lend legitimacy to the coup, but it would be another year--and yet another attempted uprising--before the whole political community of Scotland came to accept the teenager's new regime. James IV occupied the next several years of his reign with mistresses and hunting, while able councillors such as Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus, and Bishop William Elphinstone of Aberdeen ran the country. Finally at age 22, King James declared his majority and so began making his own foreign policy as well as financial and military decisions. James "was far more than a conventionally pious ruler" in his thirst for pilgrimage and crusade, yet when Archbishop William Scheves of St. Andrews died in 1497 the king cynically filled the vacancy with his own lay teenaged brother. King James was fascinated by artillery and warships, and in attempting to prove himself a great prince with a first-class navy he nearly bankrupted the royal coffers by authoring a wasteful naval expedition to Denmark in 1502. As a diplomat James IV was more successful when he procured the hand of Margaret Tudor in marriage in 1503 as part of the "Treaty of Perpetual Peace" with England. Still, he could never bring himself to abandon completely the "auld alliance" with France, and in 1513, while invading England on behalf of his ally, Louis XII, the 40-year-old King of Scots, was killed at Flodden. | |||||||||||||
Last Modified 19 Mar 2001 | Created 7 Dec 2002 by P. J. Wigington Mahan |